I 

tl 


Minnesota 
State  Institutions 


UNDER  THE  CHARGE 
OF 


STATE  BOARD  OF  CONTROL 


1921 


.Ml  '  r-Rlr^TlNG    CO 


Minnesota 
State  Institutions 


UNDER  THE  CHARGE 
OF 


STATE  ^OARD  OF  CONTROL 


,  /A  >     r,^']  ^i'l'\' 


1921 


/  €f  ^/         DEPT. 
WHY   NOT   SAVE    HALF   A   MILLION    AND   HELP   THE 

CONVICTS,  TOO? 

(Editorial  in  Spokane,  Wash.,  Daily  Chronicle,  Feb.  21,  1921) 


It  is  no  secret  that  the  Washington  state  penitentiary  is  an  expensir© 
institution.  lEvery  session  of  the  legislature  is  asked  for  an  appropriation 
for  the  upkeep  of  the  prison.  There  are  many  acres  of  land,  fine  stock  and 
buildings  at  the  prison  farm;  but  the  taxpayers  have  to  foot  heavy  bills. 

This  deficit  is  not  necessary.  Minnesota  has  proved  it.  During  1919 
the  earnings  of  the  Minnesota  state  prison  were  $471,602.85  above  the  ex- 
penses. It  required  $368.30  to  pay  the  expenses  of  each  occupant  during  the 
year;  but  each  prisoner  earned  for  the  state  $906.66,  a  net  gain  of  $538.36 
for  each  man. 

This  is  not  all.  In  1919  the  prisoners  were  paid  $107,089.10  in  wages,  a 
large  portion  of  which  was  sent  to  dependent  families  and  relatives.  Dur- 
ing the  year  the  prison  bought  and  paid  for  180  acres  of  land. 

Minnesota  once,  like  Washington,  held  the  sack  for  the  upkeep  of  the 
prison.  In  1900  it  cost  the  state  $51.88  per  man  above  the  earnings.  In 
1902  each  prisoner  earned  $70.57  more  than  it  cost  to  keep  him.  In  1919 
the  earnings,  per  man,  had  jumped  to  $538.36. 

Minnesota's  state  prison  maintains  machine  shops  and  twine  factories, 
markets  milk  and  butter  and  farm  products  and  keeps  the  prisoners  at 
work  in  paying  industries,  allowing  them  pay  that  eoiables  them  to  help  their 
families.  And  at  the  end  of  the  year  the  prison  turns  over  to  the  state  close 
to  half  a  million  dollars  in  earnings — it  doesn't  ask  for  large  appropriations 
from  the  legislature. 

The  salary  idea  has  added  benefits.  If  the  prisoners  are  allowed  to 
earn  as  they  work  they  will  be  spurred  to  greater  efforts.  They  will  be  able 
to' lie)p',thenfsel"vCefe.{i5d; their  families  and  while  they  are  doing  this  they 
will'help  the  state?'  *  '»* 

k 

".  '  Wli'?' HfoesnJti  W&sl}iagt<i>n  study  Minnesota's  prison  system? 


STATE   BOARD   OF  CONTROL 


The  Minnesota  State  Board  of  Control  was  created  by  chapter  122, 
General  Laws  of  1901,  succeeding  the  former  State  Board  of  Corrections  and 
Charities,  Board  of  Trustees  for  the  Hospitals  and  Asylums  for  the  Insane, 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Minnesota  Institute  for  Defectives,  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  State  Training  School  for  Boys  and  Girls,  Board  of  Managers 
of  the  Minnesota  Reformatory,  and  Board  of  Managers  of  the  State  Prison. 
In  1917  all  powers  and  duties  conferred  by  law  on  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Minnesota  Schools  for  the  Deaf  and  the  Blind  and  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  State  Public  School,  were  transferred  to  the  Board  of  Control. 

POWERS  AND  DUTIES 

The  Board  has  complete  financial  and  general  control  over  seventeen 
state  institutions,  viz.:  The  hospitals  and  asylums  for  the  insane,  School  for 
Feeble-Minded,  School  for  Blind,  School  for  Deaf,  State  Public  School, 
Training  School  for  Boys,  Home  School  for  Girls,  Reformatory,  Reformatory 
for  Women,  Prison,  Sanatorium  for  Consumptives,  and  Hospital  for  Crippled 
Children. 

It  has  charge  of  the  construction  of  buildings  for  the  institutions  under 
its  full  control,  the  University,  Agriculture  Schools  and  Stations,  Normal 
Schools,  Soldiers'  Home,  State  Fair,  and  County  Tuberculosis  Sanatoria. 

It  purchases  all  supplies  for  the  institutions  under  its  jurisdiction  and 
for  all  governmental  departments  of  the  state;  fuel  for  the  Unitversity, 
Agricultural  Schools  and  Stations,  Normal  Schools,  and  Capitols;  and 
equipment  for  County  Tuberculosis  Sanatoria, 

It  has  charge  of  the  state  insurance  fund,  the  appraisal  of  losses  of 
state  property  by  fire,  and  the  repairing  or  rebuilding  of  the  structures  de- 
stroyed. 

It  acts  as  a  board  of  parole  and  discharge  for  the  State  Training  School 
for  Boys  and  the  Home  School  for  Girls. 

The  member  oldest  in  service  is  ex-ofRcio  chairman  of  the  State  Board 
of  Parole  for  the  State  Reformatories  and  the  State  Prison. 

It  has  charge  of  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  binder  twine  and  farm 
machinery  at  the  State  Prison;  and  the  operation  of  a  granite  quarry,  a 
rock  crushing  plant,  a  clothing  factory,  and  a  woodworking  factory,  at  the 
State  Reformatory. 

It  collects  the  charge  for  maintenance  of  the  insane;  has  supervision 
over  paroled  insane;  and  is  charged  with  the  deportation  of  non-resident 
insane. 

It  determines  the  legal  residence  of  paupers. 

It  inspects  jails,  lockups,  poorhouses,  and  infirmaries;  examines  all 
plans  for  new  structures  or  for  repairs;  and  has  advisory  supervision  over 
all  such  institutions. 

It  appoints  county  child  welfare  boards. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Board  to  promote  the  enforcement  of  all  laws  for 
the  protection  of  defective,  illegitimate,  dependent,  neglected,  and  delinquent 
children. 


^^4242 


•  It -inspects,  investigates,  and  licenses  maternity  hospitals,  infants' 
horties,  3r«d  art^ncier.  for  receiving  and  caring  for  children  or  placing  them 
in  private  homes. 

It  has  powers  of  legal  guardianship  over  the  persons  of  all  children 
committed  by  the  courts  to  the  care  of  the  board  or  to  institutions  under  its 
management. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Board  to  supervise  and  promote  efficiency  and 
uniformity  in  the  administration  of  mothers'  pensions. 

It  is  charged  with  safeguarding  the  interests  of  illegitimate  children; 
establishing  their  paternity;  and  securing  for  them  the  nearest  possible 
approximation  to  the  care,  support  and  education  that  they  would  be  entitled 
to  if  born  of  lawful  marriage. 

It  investigates  all  petitions  for  the  adoption  of  children,  and  Tialts  th« 
children  and  the  homes  in  which  they  have  been  placed. 


MINNESOTA    STATE    INSTITUTIONS 


HOSPITALS  AND  ASYLUMS  FOR  THE  INSANE 

The  first  hospital  for  the  insane  was  established  by  the  state  in  1866, 
and  is  located  at  St.  Peter.  Later  hospitals  were  opened  at  Rochester,  in 
1879,  and  at  Fergus  Falls,  in  1890.  The  total  population  of  the  three  insti- 
tutions on  Feb.  1,  1921,  was  4,241. 

There  are,  also,  three  asylums  for  the  chronic  insane,  built  on  the  cot- 
tage plan,  located  at  Anoka,  Hastings  and  Willmar.  The  asylums  at  Anoka 
and  Hastings  were  opened  in  1899.  The  institution  at  Willmar  was  opened 
as  a  hospital  farm  for  inebriates  in  1912  and  as  an  asylum  for  the  insane  in 
1917.    The  total  number  of  patients  in  these  institutions  is  1,977. 

All  commitments  are  made  direct  to  the  three  hospitals,  and  chronic 
cases  are  later  transferred  to  the  asylums. 

Large  farms  are  operated  in  connection  with  each  of  the  Institutions 
and  the  outdoor  work  involved  has  a  most  beneficial  effect  on  the  mental 
and  physical  condition  of  the  patients. 

Training  schools  for  nurses  are  conducted  at  the  hospitals  and  classes 
of  trained  attendants  are  graduated  yearly. 

A  resident  of  the  state  may  present  himself  at  any  one  of  the  state 
hospitals  for  study  and  treatment  if  he  believes  his  mental  condition  is 
affected.  There  is  no  formal  hearing  or  commitment  and  no  publicity  what- 
ever in  cases  of  this  nature. 

The  charge  for  maintenance  of  the  patients  in  the  institutions  for  the 
insane  is  $10  a  month  where  the  patient  or  his  immediate  relatives  are 
financially  able  to  pay.    In  all  other  cases  there  is  no  charge  for  treatment. 

The  total  admissions  to  the  hospitals  during  the  past  two  years  was 
2,845,  of  whom  1,643,  or  57.7  per  cent,  were  males  and  1,202,  or  42.3  per  cent, 
females. 

The  number  of  foreign-born  patients  admitted  during  the  period  was 
1,203,  or  42.3  per  cent. 

The  ages  of  the  patients  admitted  varied  from  six  under  fifteen  years  to 
sixty-two  over  eighty.  More  patients  were  admitted  from  thirty  to  thirty- 
four  years  of  age  than  during  any  other  five-year  period. 

Escapes  are  not  Infrequent  at  the  institutions.  One  of  the  first  things 
done,  when  an  escape  is  discovered,  is  to  notify  the  Board  of  Control.  In 
turn  the  authorities  in  the  town  or  county  from  which  the  escaped  patient 
was  committed  are  notified.  Then  follows  a  systematic  line  of  publicity 
to  the  end  that  the  patient  may  be  located,  and  it  is  seldom  without  results. 

Agents  of  the  Board  visit  all  patients  on  parole  from  the  institutions  at 
regular  intervals. 

In  case  of  death,  relatives  or  guardians  are  notified  promptly.  If  there 
is  no  one  responsible  for  the  deceased  patient,  he  is  buried  by  the  state  in 
the  institution  cemetery. 

At  the  Willmar  Asylum  is  maintained  a  ward  for  the  treatment  of  in- 
ebriates. This  class  of  patients  may  be  admitted  voluntarily  or  committed 
by  the  probate  court. 


SCHOOL  FOR   FEEBLE-MINDED  AND   COLONY   FOR   EPILEPTICS 

The  largest  state  institution  is  the  Minnesota  School  for  Feeble-Minded 
and  Colony  for  Epileptics  located  at  Faribault,  with  a  population  of  1,737. 
It  was  opened  in  1882. 

All  feeble-minded  persons,  residents  of  the  state,  who  are  of  suitable 
age  and  capacity  to  receive  instruction  in  the  school  and  whose  defects  pre- 
vent them  from  receiving  proper  training  in  the  public  schools,  and  all 
idiotic  and  epileptic  persons  resident  of  the  state,  may  be  admitted  to  their 
respective  departments  of  the  institution. 

The  charge  for  maintenance  is  $40  a  year,  and  shall  be  paid  by  the 
person  legally  responsible  for  the  support  of  the  inmate,  or,  in  the  event  he 
is  financially  unable  to  make  such  payment,  by  the  county  from  which  the 
person  is  admitted. 

The  institution  has  an  accredited  training  school  for  nurses,  which  is 
affiliated  with  the  Minneapolis  City  Hospital,  Nurses  spend  two  years  in 
training  at  the  institution  and  their  third  year  in  Minneapolis.  They  are 
then  eligible  for  registration. 

A  summer  school  of  six  weeks  in  length  is  maintained  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  teachers  for  mentally  retarded  children  in  the  public  schools. 

A  special  feature  'of  the  institution  is  the  grouping  of  the  more  hope- 
ful cases  in  colonies  or  farm  groups.  By  this  arrangement  the  agricultural 
activities  of  the  institution  are  more  efficiently  conducted,  besides  affording 
more  healthful  and  normal  conditions  for  many  of  the  boys. 

In  their  search  for  the  causes  of  mental  deficiency  the  officers  of  the 
school  have  collected  much  interesting  information.  Their  conclusion  Is 
that  the  great  majority  of  cases  of  mental  deficiency  are  of  hereditary  origin. 
In  this  connection  377  families  representing  477  inmates  in  the  institution 
were  studied.  From  a  study  of  these  families  data  was  collected  showing 
a  total  of  1,740  feeble-minded  persons,  or  3.6  times  as  many  as  are  repre- 
sented In  the  institutions. 

In  all  30,276  individuals  were  charted,  but  histories  could  only  be  ob- 
tained of  about  half  that  number.  Those  investigated  were  listed  as  fol- 
follows:  Normal,  5,471;  feeble-minded,  1,740;  epileptic,  323;  insane,  349; 
sex  offenders,  580;  criminals,  71;  and  alcoholic,  1,028. 

SCHOOL  FOR  THE   BLIND 

The  Minnesota  School  for  the  Blind  was  opened  in  1874  at  Faribault. 
The  institution  is  located  on  a  high  bluff  overlooking  the  river  and  the  city, 
with  spacious  grounds,  pleasant  walks  and  abundant  shade  trees.  Its  op- 
portunities are  free  of  charge  to  all  blind  persons  who  are  residents  of 
Minnesota  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one  years  who  are  capable 
of  profiting  by  instruction.  By  blind  persons  are  meant  those  who  have  not 
sufficient  sight  to  pursue  their  studies  in  the  public  school.  The  only  ex- 
pense is  the  deposit  of  a  sum  sufficient  to  cover  the  cost  of  clothing,  postage 
and  transportation. 

The  work  of  the  school  is  conducted  in  three  departments:  literary, 
musical  and  industrial.  The  literary  department  has  an  elementary  course 
of  eight  years  and  a  high  school  course  of  four  years,  corresponding  to  the 
courses  of  study  of  the  best  city  schools  of  the  state.    In  the  music  depart- 

6 


ment  instruction  is  given  upon  the  piano  and  pipe  organ,  the  violin,  and 
other  orchestral  instruments,  in  singing  and  harmony,  and  in  the  art  of  piano 
tuning  and  repairing.  In  the  industrial  department  training  is  given  in 
broom,  hammock,  and  net  making,  in  cabinet  work  and  chair  caning,  in 
reed,  willow,  grass  and  straw  basket  work,  in  the  weaving  of  carpets,  rugs, 
coverlets  and  other  art  loom  work,  in  hand  and  machine  sewing,  in  knitting, 
and  in  various  other  kinds  of  fancy  work.  Adequate  physical  training  is 
given  to  all  pupils. 

The  school  year  extends  from  September  to  June.  During  the  summer 
vacation  all  of  the  pupils  return  to  their  homes. 

Summer  schools  for  the  adult  blind  men  and  women  are  maintained 
during  the  summer.  In  these  schools  the  principal  emphasis  is  placed  upon 
industrial  and  vocational  training. 

A  circulating  library  of  raised  print  books  of  about  6,000  volumes  is 
maintained  at  the  school,  from  which  any  responsible  blind  person  living  in 
the  state  may  draw  books,  which  will  be  sent  and  may  be  returned  through 
the  mails  free  of  postage  charges.  Branch  library  stations  are  maintained 
at  the  public  libraries  of  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and  Duluth. 

The  agency  department  collects  such  statistics  of  the  blind  as  may  be 
of  value  in  the  improvement  of  their  condition,  aids  the  adult  blind  of  the 
state  in  securing  labor  and  employment,  and  maintains  home  instructors 
and  visitors  in  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and  Duluth.  The  agency  maintains  a 
branch  tuning  department  for  the  free  training  of  blind  piano  tuners  in  the 
midway  district  of  the  Twin  Cities. 

Aid  to  the  amount  of  $300  a  year  is  given  to  a  limited  number  of  blind 
students  in  universities,  colleges  and  conservatories  of  music  in  the  dis- 
cretion and  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Control. 

SCHOOL   FOR  THE   DEAF 

The  Minnesota  School  for  the  Deaf  is  located  at  Faribault,  and  was 
opened  in  1863.  Minnesota  has  a  compulsory  education  law  for  the  deaf, 
and  all  children  of  the  state  between  eight  and  twenty  years  of  age,  too 
deaf  or  too  dumb  or  defective  of  speech  to  be  materially  benefited  by  the 
methods  of  instruction  in  vogue  in  the  public  schools,  and  who  are  not 
taught  in  a  private  school  or  in  a  school  having  a  special  teacher  for  the 
deaf,  are  required  to  attend  the  School  for  the  Deaf  until  discharged  by  the 
superintendent  upon  approval  of  the  Board  of  Control.  As  in  the  case  of 
the  School  for  the  Blind,  the  only  expense  is  for  clothing,  postage  and  trans- 
portation. ;.  s  iS-^i''^'^ 

The  regular  course  of  instruction  embraces  that  pursued  in  the  public 
schools  with  some  modifications  in  order  to  adapt  it  to  this  special  work, 
and  extends  over  a  period  of  ten  years.  In  special  cases  a  longer  time  is 
granted.  To  this  has  been  added  two  years  of  high  school  studies.  In  addi- 
tion a  number  of  trades,  such  as  baking,  printing,  tailoring,  cabinet  making 
and  mechanical  drawing,  are  taught.  The  girls  receive  instruction  in  cook- 
ing, sewing,  dressmaking  and  the  essentials  of  housekeeping. 

The  methods  of  instruction  followed  are  those  practiced  by  nearly  all 
state  schools  for  the  deaf  in  the  United  States,  although  the  institution  is 
not  teaching  auite  so  large  a  percentage  of  the  pupils  by  the  speech  system 
as  is  the  average  of  such  schools.     All  pupils  are  given  daily  instruction  in 


the  trades  departments;  two-thirds  of  each  day  being  given  to  school  work 
and  one-third  to  industrial  training.  The  pupils  leave  the  school  well 
equipped  to  sustain  themselves  throughout  life,  and  it  is  a  notable  fact  that 
scarcely  any  are  dependent  after  the  school  days  are  over. 

It  has  been  demonstrated  that  a  large  number  of  children  are  de- 
fective in  hearing  and  fail  to  keep  up  their  school  work  because  of  this 
defect.  The  hearing  when  not  good  usually  grows  worse,  and  sooner  or 
later  the  speech  is  affected.  Many  such  children  become  totally  deaf  and 
their  speech  becomes  so  defective  as  to  be  practically  useless.  It  will  be 
at  once  apparent  that  these  partially  deaf  persons  should  hav©  th«  bon©fit« 
of  the  highly  specialized  methods  of  this  institution. 

The  school  year  extends  from  September  to  June. 

STATE   PUBLIC  SCHOOL 

Unlike  many  other  states,  Minnesota  has  a  state  system  for  the  car» 
of  dependent  children,  the  agency  being  the  State  Public  School,  opened  at 
Owatonna  in  1886.  Dependent,  neglected  and  ill-treated  children  under  fifteen 
years  of  age  are  eligible  to  admission  on  orders  of  the  probate  and  juvenile 
courts  and  by  transfer  from  private  institutions  which  are  authorized  by  the 
Board  of  Control  to  receive  and  find  homes  for  children.  The  founders  of 
the  institution  recognized  the  fact  that  home  life  is  childhood's  normal  en- 
vironment and  directed  that  due  diligence  be  exercised  in  placing  the  chil- 
dren committed  to  its  guardianship  in  family  homes. 

The  average  length  of  time  that  children  remain  in  the  institution  before 
being  placed  in  homes  is  seven  and  one-half  months,  while  the  average 
length  of  time  that  they  remain  under  supervision  in  homes  is  seven  years. 

The  cottages,  occupied  by  groups  of  children,  form  a  community  of 
families  and,  with  the  church  and  school  privileges,  afford  conditions 
favorable  to  wholesome  community  and  family  life.  The  location  on  the 
farm  gives  the  children  the  benefits  of  rural  life  and  the  opportunity  to 
receive  practical  instruction  in  all  branches  of  agriculture.  The  school 
work  carried  on  ten  months  in  the  year  covers  all  grades  from  the  kinder- 
garten to  the  high  school. 

In  the  organization  there  is  a  correlation  of  home  life  and  school  cur- 
riculum. Lessons  learned  by  the  girls  in  domestic  science  and  art  in 
school  are  applied  in  their  family  life.  In  like  manner  the  instruction  given 
the  boys  in  agriculture  and  manual  training  is  made  practical  by  actual 
experience  on  the  farm  and  in  other  departments  of  the  institution. 

The  care  and  training  given  the  children  is  preparatory  to  their  early 
transfer  to  foster  homes,  restoration  to  parents  or,  in  the  case  of  the  older 
children,  discharge  to  self-support. 

Extensive  field  work  is  done  by  a  corps  of  agents  in  investigating  the 
homes  of  applicants  for  the  children  and  selecting  a  new  environment  for 
them,  and  investigating  their  condition  and  progress  after  having  been 
placed  in  the  new  environment. 

An  interesting  study  has  been  made  of  the  first  4,000  children  received 
at  the  institution,  showing  what  progress  has  been  made  by  those  who 
reached  the  age  of  self-support  and  what  degree  of  success  they  have  at- 
tained; that  is,  those  who  have  developed  into  men  and  women  of  good 
character  and  fulfill  the  requirements  of  good  citizenship.     The  results  of 

8 


the  inquiry  are  summarized  as  follows:  Total  number  of  boys,  2,407:  Doing 
well,  1,506;  doing  fairly  well,  502;  doing  poorly,  252;  died,  147.  Total  num- 
ber of  girls,  1,594:  Doing  well,  1,047;  doing  fairly  well,  272;  doing  poorly, 
182;  died,  92.  Of  the  girls,  295  married,  and  in  but  28  cases  does  the  mar- 
riage appear  to  have  resulted  in  failure. 

STATE  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS 

The  problem  of  caring  for  incorrigible  boys,  many  of  them  well  ad- 
vanced in  the  early  stages  of  crime  and  vagrancy,  is  handled  at  the  State 
Training  School,  located  at  Red  Wing,  and  opened  in  1891. 

Commitments  to  the  institution  cover  incorrigibles  up  to  the  age  of 
eighteen  years.  Formerly  minor  delinquencies  were  sufficient  to  bring  about 
the  transfer  of  a  boy  to  the  school,  but  with  the  introduction  of  the  juvenile 
court  system  in  the  larger  cities  of  the  state,  and  the  development  of  de- 
tention homes,  the  number  of  registrations  of  this  type  has  been  decreased 
somewhat.  While  the  juvenile  court  systems  and  the  county  detention 
homes  have  reduced  the  number  of  commitments  in  this  respect,  yet  these 
institutions  and  their  work  have  added  greatly  to  the  responsibility  or  those 
in  charge  of  the  school,  as  most  children  now  received  are  definitely  incor- 
rigible and  do  not  readily  yield  to  correctional  treatment.  Many  of  the  boys 
have  been  under  arrest  from  four  to  eight  times. 

Despite  this  difficult  feature  of  the  present-day  commitments,  success 
has  attended  the  work  of  the  institution,  and  these  results  are  credited 
largely  to  the  discipline  maintained  at  the  school.  While  not  harsh,  the 
discipline  is  of  reasonable  firmness  and  all  infractions  are  quickly  punished. 
Fully  75  per  cent  of  the  hundreds  of  boys  yearly  sent  to  the  institution 
develop  into  worthy,  self-respecting  citizens.  In  this  connection  it  is  grati- 
fying to  observe  that  the  boys  on  parole  from  the  school  have  not  contrib- 
uted in  a  noticeable  degree  to  the  crime  wave  that  has  had  the  attention  of 
the  public  for  some  months. 

The  institution  maintains  a  farm  of  560  acres,  also  a  dairy  herd  of  50 
head  of  cattle,  a  school  of  letters  with  a  principal  and  six  teachers,  and  an 
industrial  department  with  12  instructors. 

All  boys  are  carefully  examined  by  a  psychologist,  by  a  physician  and 
surgeon,  and  by  a  dentist.  If  a  boy  is  suffering  from  a  physical  defect  or 
disease,  he  receives  the  needed  treatment  and  care  while  at  the  institution. 
His  teeth  are  put  in  good  condition,  he  is  required  to  attend  school,  and 
spends  one-half  of  each  day  at  some  vocational  work. 

MINNESOTA  HOME  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS 

While  this  school  is  among  the  oldest  of  the  state's  correctional  insti- 
tutions, the  location  of  the  home  at  Sauk  Centre  is  comparatively  new, 
having  been  authorized  by  the  legislature  in  1907,  and  opened  in  1911.  Prior 
to  that  the  institution  was  conducted  in  connection  with  the  Training  School 
for  Boys  at  Red  Wing.  It  is  admirably  located  on  a  tract  of  wooded  and 
farm  land,  with  Sauk  lake,  a  beautiful  body  of  water,  in  close  proximity. 

Though  custodial  in  character,  the  institution  is  a  home  in  every  sense 
of  the  word.  Here  are  confined  the  delinquent  girls  of  the  state,  committed 
by  the  juvenile  and  probate  courts.  When  committed  the  girl  must  be 
over  eight  years  and  under  eighteen  years  of  age.    As  a  majority  of  the  girls 

9 


are  the  product  of  homes  lacking  every  element  of  uplift,  the  duties  of  the 
institution  staff  are  naturally  exacting. 

One  of  the  unique  features  of  the  school  is  the  wage  earning  system. 
It  in  a  large  measure  characterizes  the  work  of  the  school  in  a  training  way, 
for  besides  its  educational  value  it  has  proved  the  chief  source  of  discipline. 
Every  girl  on  commitment  is  for  a  month  in  dependency.  At  the  end  of  the 
month  she  is  assigned  a  cottage  and  becomes  a  member  of  the  family  and 
a  citizen  in  the  community.  She  is  given  food  and  shelter,  but  beyond  that 
she  must  earn  her  support.  She  is  credited  for  all  work  according  to  amount 
and  skill,  and  is  likewise  fined  for  family  or  social  offense.  From  her 
credits  she  must  support  herself,  clothe  herself  from  the  school  store,  and 
pay  for  any  luxuries  or  services  rendered  in  the  family  of  which  she  is  a 
member.  If  a  girl  can  not  make  her  clothes  she  must  pay  another  to  do  the 
work,  and  if  she  is  not  willing  to  attend  to  her  laundry  she  must  pay  another 
for  its  care.  As  a  result  of  this  system  every  phase  of  community  life  is 
reached.  No  girl  can  leave  the  institution  until  she  has  credits  with  which 
to  buy  her  a  good  going-out  outfit,  and  as  fines  follow  misconduct,  conduct 
really  determines  the  time  when  a  girl  can  leave  the  school. 

While  some  of  the  girls  have  failed  to  keep  the  higher  level,  the  ma- 
jority are  taking  well  their  part  in  life. 

A  large  farm  is  operated  in  connection  with  the  institution.  Farming, 
gardening,  dairying,  canning  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  butter-making  and 
cheese-making,  are  extensively  carried  on  by  the  girls. 

A  staff  of  teachers  is  engaged  to  conduct  the  school  work,  and  a  num- 
ber of  the  older  girls  attend  the  Sauk  Centre  high  school. 

The  girls  on  parole  are  efficiently  cared  for  under  the  supervision  of  a 
director  and  a  corps  of  agents. 

STATE  REFORMATORY 

Minnesota's  correctional  institution  for  male  first  offenders  in  felony 
only  is  the  State  Reformatory,  opened  at  St.  Cloud  in  1889.  The  age  limita 
range  from  16  to  30  years. 

Located  on  the  extensive  grounds  is  one  of  the  finest  granite  quarries 
in  the  state.  From  this  quarry  has  been  taken  practically  all  the  stone 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  institution  buildings,  and  the  quarrying, 
cutting  and  placing  of  the  stone  has  been  done  entirely  by  the  inmates. 
In  addition  there  is  a  stone  crushing  plant,  the  product  of  which  enters  into 
state  road  work. 

The  woodworking  industry,  recently  begun,  turns  out  sash,  doors  and 
blinds,  screens  and  storm  sash  for  state  institutions.  In  the  factory  at- 
tached to  the  institution  is  made  nearly  all  of  the  men's  clothing  used  in 
the  state  institutions. 

An  extensive  farm  is  operated  in  connection  with  the  institution,  and 
the  recent  establishment  of  a  farm  colony  where  some  40  men  employed  in 
the  farm  department  are  housed  has  proved  a  decided  success.  The  con- 
duct of  these  men  has  been  most  exemplary  and  they  have  applied  them- 
selves to  their  work  with  added  interest,  resulting  in  a  more  efficient  and 
productive  operation  of  the  farm. 

During  the  year  ended  June  30,  1920,  the  sum  of  $10,143.23  was  paid 

10 


inmates  for  labor  performed,  and  direct  aid  to  the  amount  of  $4,628.00  wag 
granted  families  of  inmates. 

The  school  includes  regular,  graded  work  and  classes  in  mechanical 
drawing  and  electrical  engineering.  Special  correspondence  courses  in 
various  studies  have  been  taken  by  some  of  the  inmates. 

The  work  of  the  institution  is  conducted  along  correctional  and  reforma- 
tive lines,  and  in  consequence  there  is  a  constant  movement  of  inmates. 
Here  the  parole  system  has  full  swing  and  through  its  application  a  large 
number  of  prisoners  are  released  yearly. 

In  granting  paroles  only  those  cases  meeting  certain  requirements  are 
considered,  and  during  their  pendency  a  constant  watch  of  those  paroled 
is  maintained  by  the  Board's  agents.  Assured  employment  is  the  first 
requisite  to  a  parole,  and  sobriety  and  good  conduct  are  imperative. 

Business  men  and  employers  have  shown  a  sincere  good  will  and  cour- 
teous co-operation,  and  the  feeling,  once  so  common,  that  a  man  who  has 
once  been  in  prison  is  forever  to  be  distrusted  is  fast  disappearing. 

Naturally  there  are  some  violations  of  the  paroles  granted,  but  they  ar« 
few  as  compared  vnih  the  number  issued.  Most  of  the  violators  are  returned 
to  the  Reformatory  to  serve  out  their  terms. 

STATE    REFORMATORY    FOR    WOMEN 

The  State  Reformatory  for  Women  is  the  latest  institution  to  be  estab- 
lished by  the  state  of  Minnesota.  Prior  to  its  opening  at  Shakopee,  in 
1920,  there  was  no  place  of  detention  for  the  woman  offender  other  than  the 
workhouse,  the  county  jail  and  the  state  prison.  Soon  after  the  first  build- 
ings were  completed  all  women  confined  in  the  prison  were  transferred  to 
this  institution.  Under  the  present  law  women  are  not  committed  to  the 
prison.  Women  over  the  age  of  eighteen  years  convicted  of  a  felony  or  a 
gross  misdemeanor  are  sentenced  to  the  State  Reformatory  for  Women. 

At  present  only  the  administration  building  and  receiving  hospital, 
known  as  Isabel  Higbee  Hall,  and  one  cottage  have  been  erected  and  oc- 
cupied.   Additional  cottages  will  be  constructed  as  needed. 

There  has  been  much  to  do  in  the  way  of  home-making  and  the  first 
year  has  been  largely  spent  in  this  work.  The  women  have  enjoyed  these 
purely  domestic  pursuits,  and  have  worked  with  a  splendid  spirit  to  accom- 
plish all  that  has  been  done. 

The  institution  has  a  fine  farm  of  167  acres,  a  large  portion  of  which 
is  under  cultivation.  It  is  planned  to  interest  the  women  in  gardening, 
dairying,  butter-making,  etc. 

Women's  and  children's  clothing  for  other  state  institutions  Is  now 
being  made  by  the  inmates  of  this  institution,  and  it  is  planned  to  enlarge 
this  industry. 

STATE    PRISON 

The  Minnesota  State  Prison  at  Stillwater,  the  oldest  state  institution, 
was  originally  founded  in  1851.  The  new  prison,  stated  by  experts  to  be  the 
most  modern  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  was  opened  in  1912. 

This  magnificent  structure,  the  product  of  the  act  of  the  legislature  of 
1909,  covers  a  ground  space  of  22  acres,  is  admirably  located  and  embodies 
in  its  construction  every  practical  requisite  for  the  humane  and  sanitary 

11 


housing  of  human  beings.  The  entire  scheme  of  management  is  to  uplift, 
not  brutalize. 

Systematic  reform  in  prison  life  and  management  in  Minnesota  started 
many  years  ago.  Contracts  for  prison  labor  as  fast  as  they  expired  wera 
not  renewed.  In  1890  the  binding  twine  industry  was  established,  and  in 
1908  the  making  of  farm  machinery  was  begun.  Then  in  rapid  order  came 
other  reforms,  the  abolishment  of  the  lock  step,  the  granting  of  privileges 
to  the  prisoners  commensurate  with  their  conduct,  the  passing  of  the  striped 
uniform  except  in  the  case  of  the  particularly  vicious,  the  payment  of  wages 
to  the  inmates,  the  granting  of  monthly  allowances  for  the  support  of 
families  of  prisoners,  and  finally  came  the  building  of  the  new  prison. 

In  the  way  of  amusements  and  entertainment  for  the  prisoners,  little  in 
the  uplift  and  educational  line  is  overlooked.  The  new  prison  has  an  audi- 
torium that  would  be  a  credit  to  a  city  of  50,000  or  more  inhabitants.  Here 
are  held  Chautauqua  meetings,  moving  pictures  once  a  week,  lectures  and 
other  entertainments.  Weather  permitting,  baseball  games  in  season  are 
held  every  Saturday  afternoon.  All  prisoners  who  observe  the  rules  are 
allowed  these  privileges.  A  regular  graded  school  is  maintained  under  the 
direction  of  the  superintendent  of  schools  of  Stillwater. 

During  the  year  ended  June  30,  1920,  the  inmates  were  paid  $107,089.10 
in  wages,  and  direct  aid  to  their  families  amounting  to  $16,619.41  was 
granted. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  twine  and  farm  machinery  industries 
more  than  $41,000,000.00  worth  of  the  finished  product  has  been  sold,  re- 
sulting in  a  saving  to  the  farmers  of  the  state  estimated  at  close  to  $10,- 
000,000.00.  These  industries  provide  all  funds  required  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  prison,  and  in  addition  have  accumulated  a  surplus  net  profit  suffi- 
cient to  more  than  cover  the  entire  cost  of  the  new  prison.  The  high  water 
mark  in  sales  was  reached  in  1918,  when  $5,114,900.00  worth  of  twine  and 
machineiy  was  sold,  mostly  to  farmers  residing  in  Minnesota. 

MINNESOTA    SANATORIUM    FOR    CONSUMPTIVES 

Minnesota  probably  has  done  more  toward  the  prevention  and  control 
of  tuberculosis  than  any  other  state  in  the  Union,  It  conducts  a  state 
sanatorium,  located  three  miles  south  of  Walker,  opened  in  1908  for  the 
study  and  cure  of  this  disease,  aids  financially  in  the  erection  of  sanatoria 
by  counties  or  groups  of  counties,  and  maintains  in  connection  with  the 
various  institutions  for  the  insane  and  the  School  for  Feeble-Minded  special 
buildings  and  sick  wards  in  which  the  tuberculous  patients  are  cared  for. 
There  is  special  diet,  special  treatment  and  special  nursing  for  these  people 
and  the  cost  runs  into  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  annually. 

The  state  institution  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  wooded  tract  of  land 
overlooking  Leech  lake.  More  than  100  acres  have  been  cleared  and  24 
additional  acres  partially  cleared.  The  Board  has  recently  authorized 
the  purchase  of  200  acres  located  about  ten  miles  from  the  sanatorium.  This 
land  which  can  be  easily  cleared  will  be  used  for  farm  and  garden  purposes. 

From  Jan.  1,  1914,  to  June  30,  1920,  there  were  2,412  patients  discharged 
from  the  institution.  Of  these  366  had  been  at  the  sanatorium  less  than 
one  month. 

The   number   admitted   under   the   classification   of   incipient   was   295. 

12 


Upon  discharge  their  condition  was  as  follows:  Apparently  arrested,  126, 
or  42.7  per  cent;  quiescent,  71,  or  24  per  cent;  improved,  84,  or  28.5  per 
cent;  unimproved,  11,  or  3.7  per  cent;  died,  3,  or  1  per  cent. 

The  number  received  under  the  classification  of  moderately  advanced 
was  871.  Their  condition  on  discharge  follows:  Apparently  arrested,  127, 
or  14.5  per  cent;  quiescent,  234,  or  26.8  per  cent;  improved,  263,  or  30.2  per 
cent;  unimproved,  216,  or  24.8  per  cent;  died,  31,  or  3.5  per  cent. 

Tliose  admitted  under  the  classification  of  far  advanced  numbered  880. 
At  the  time  of  discharge  their  condition  was  as  follows:  Apparently  ar- 
rested, 19,  or  2.1  per  cent;  quiescent,  124,  or  14  per  cent;  improved,  197,  or 
22.4  per  cent;  unimproved,  365,  or  41.5  per  cent;  died,  175,  or  19.9  per  cent. 

While  the  law  establishing  this  institution  contemplated  the  treatment 
of  incipient  cases  only,  up  to  the  present  time  all  classes  of  patients  have 
been  received.  The  charge  for  board  and  treatment  is  $1.40  a  day,  and  in 
a  large  number  of  cases,  where  the  patient  or  his  family  is  unable  to  make 
the  payments,  the  expense  is  paid  by  the  county  of  which  the  patient  la  a 
resident. 

STATE    HOSPITAL    FOR    INDIGENT   CRIPPLED   AND    DEFORMED 

CHILDREN 

Minnesota  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  of  the  states  to  attempt 
the  treatment  of  indigent  crippled  and  deformed  children  at  public  expense. 
Prior  to  1897  no  effort  had  been  made  by  any  state  in  the  Union  to  relieve 
such  children  of  their  deformities  in  a  public  institution.  There  were 
private  hospitals  for  this  purpose,  the  majority  of  them  located  in  the  eastern 
states,  but  they  were  not  available  to  the  children  of  the  poor  or  to  those 
of  limited  means.  This  fact  and  the  need  for  such  an  institution  were  called 
to  the  attention  of  the  legislature  of  1897  and  that  body,  as  an  experiment, 
appropriated  $5,000  to  be  used  for  that  purpose. 

From  that  modest  appropriation  has  grown  the  substantial  fireproof 
hospital  of  today,  located  at  St.  Paul,  and  opened  in  1911,  and  from  It  has 
come  a  remarkable  number  of  cures. 

The  hospital  and  the  work  it  is  doing  are  a  source  of  pride  to  the  State 
Board  of  Control  and  Dr.  Arthur  J,  Gillette,  the  surgeon-in-chief.  With  Dr. 
Gillette  relieving  crippled  children  of  their  deformities  has  be^n  a  life  work, 
and  his  labor,  together  with  that  of  a  staff  of  35  of  the  foremost  specialists 
of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  associated  with  him,  has  been  without  cost  to  the 
state.  These  men  are  on  call  at  all  times  and  the  services  given  these  poor 
children  are  entirely  gratuitous  and  unlimited. 

During  the  latest  biennial  period  510  children  were  cared  for  in  the  hos- 
pital, and  at  the  present  time  more  than  1,000  children  are  reporting  to  the 
out-patient  department,  maintained  in  connection  with  the  institution,  where 
they  receive  free  treatment  and  appliances. 

Instruction  to  the  students  in  surgery  of  the  medical  school  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota  is  given  every  Thursday  at  the  hospital.  Clinics 
for  student  and  public  health  nurses  are  also  given.  Patients  in  the  hos- 
pital receive  instruction  during  the  time  they  require  treatment. 

There  is  no  provision  for  pay  patients  at  this  institution,  only  children 
whose  parents  are  unable  to  pay  for  private  treatment  being  admitted. 

13 


STATISTICAL  SUMMARY 


ANOKA    STATE    ASYLUM 

This  institution  consists  of  a  main  building,  including  north  and  south 
wings,  for  men  patients,  and  ten  cottages  for  women  patients,  one  of  which 
is  equipped  as  an  infirmary.  Other  principal  buildings  are  a  service  building, 
containing  kitchen,  bakery  and  dining  room,  a  new  assembly  hall  and 
chapel,  a  new  administration  building,  a  complete  set  of  farm  buildings 
and  a  greenhouse.  The  south  wing  of  the  main  building  has  recently  been 
reconstructed  and  fireproofed,  and  it  is  proposed  to  similarly  reconstruct  and 
fireproof  the  north  wing  and  center  of  this  building. 

Capacity    of   institution 900 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 733 

Acreage  under  cultivation 321 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $931,705.00 

Value  of  personal  property $107,909.08 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 67 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.    Men,  286;  women,  558;  total 844 

Patients  on  parole 8 

HASTINGS  STATE  ASYLUM 

This  institution,  originally  built  for  both  men  and  women  patients,  now 
cares  for  men  exclusively.  The  buildings  are  a  main  or  administration 
building  with  east  and  west  wings  which  have  recently  been  reconstructed 
and  fireproofed;  nine  cottages  for  patients,  one  of  which  is  an  infirmary; 
service  building,  laundry,  dormitory  for  employes,  superintendent's  cottage, 
and  a  new  central  power  plant.  The  farm  group  consists  of  three  barns, 
two  silos,  creamery,  greenhouse,  etc. 

Capacity  of  institution 984 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 749 

Acreage  under  cultivation 338 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $903,350.80 

Value  of  personal  property $129,040.64 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 97 

Population  Feb.   1,  1921.     Men 867 

Patients  on  parole 9 

WILLMAR  STATE  ASYLUM 

The  Willmar  State  Asylum  was  originally  built  for  a  hospital  for  ine- 
briates, but  the  legislature,  in  1917,  amended  the  law  and  provided  for  the 
care  of  the  chronic  insane  at  this  institution.  A  ward  is  still  maintained  for 
the  treatment  of  inebriates. 

The  buildings  include  an  administration  building  with  two  wings  for  men 
patients,  the  small  Tomlinson  cottage  for  women,  two  cottages  for  men, 
power  house,  laundry,  farm  buildings,  and  cottages  for  the  farmer  and  the 
engineer.  Two  cottages  for  women  and  a  service  building  and  assembly 
hall  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  March  1,  1921. 

Capacity  of  institution 470 

14 


Area  of  grounds,  acres , 494 

Leased,  acres  210 

Acreage  under  cultivation 415 

Value  of  land  and  buildings $453,281.00 

Value  of  buildings  under  construction .$243,000.00 

Value  of  personal  property $66,705.71 

*    Number  of  officers  and  employes 37 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Men,  250;   women,  16;   total 266 

Patients  on  parole 12 

FERGUS  FALLS  STATE  HOSPITAL 

This  hospital  consists  of  an  administration  building  with  six  adjoining 
sections  or  wings  for  the  accommodation  of  patients,  detention  or  psy- 
chopathic hospital,  isolation  hospital,  dormitories  for  men  and  women 
nurses,  central  kitchen,  laundry,  power  house,  and  farm  buildings.  It  is  th« 
largest  of  the  institutions  for  the  insane. 

Capacity  of  institution 1,400 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 1,076 

Acreage  under   cultivation 486 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $1,272,369.18 

Value  of  personal  property $218,047.28 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 280 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Men,  804;  women,  741;  total..  1,545 

Patients  on  parole 130 

ROCHESTER    STATE    HOSPITAL 

The  buildings  comprising  this  institution  include  an  administration 
building  with  two  wings  for  patients,  two  detached  ward  buildings  for 
patients,  detention  or  psychopathic  hospital,  isolation  hospital,  nurses' 
homes  for  men  and  women,  laundry,  storehouse,  and  a  comparatively  new 
and  up-to-date  central  heating  plant.  The  farm  group  consists  of  a  new 
barn  for  the  housing  of  the  large  dairy  herd,  slaughter  house,  blacksmith 
shop,  greenhouse,  and  cottages  for  employes. 

Capacity  of  institution 1,175 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 1,375 

Leased,  acres  314 

Acreage  under  cultivation 739 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $1,017,607.00 

Value  of  personal  property $324,406.53 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 200 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.    Men,  650;  women,  709;  total..  1,359 

Patients   on   parole 309 

ST.  PETER   STATE   HOSPITAL. 

This  hospital,  the  oldest  of  the  institutions  for  the  insane,  consists  of  a 
main  building  with  two  wings,  detached  ward  buildings  for  men  and  women 
patients,  detention  hospital,  tuberculosis  hospital,  three  dormitories  for 
men  and  women  employes,  superintendent's  cottage,  steward's  building,  a 
complete  set  of  farm  buildings,  and  cottages  for  the  farmer  and  the  engineer. 

15 


The  Asylum  for  the  Dangerous  Insane,  with  accommodations  for  150  crim- 
inal and  dangerous  insane,  is  operated  in  conjunction  with  this  institution. 

Capacity  of  institution 1,421 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 864 

Leased,   acres    149 

Acreage  under  cultivation 395 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $1,314,850.12 

Value  of  personal  property $265,031.45 

Number  of  officers  and   employes 220 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Men,  762;  women,  575;  total..  1,337 

Patients  on  parole 203 

SCHOOL  FOR  FEEBLE-MINDED  AND  COLONY  FOR   EPILEPTICS, 

FARIBAULT 

The  buildings  of  this  institution  include  an  administration  building 
with  wings,  custodial  buildings  for  boys  and  girls,  two  cottages  for  epileptic 
boys,  two  cottages  for  epileptic  girls,  Hillcrest  cottage  for  boys,  Riverview 
cottage  for  girls,  general  hospital,  tuberculosis  hospital,  central  kitchen  and 
bakery,  laundry,  power  house,  superintendent's  cottage,  and  building  for 
women  employes.  A  cottage  for  working  boys  with  accommodations  for 
sixty  is  under  construction.  The  colonies  consist  of  the  ".Springdale  Farm," 
"Peaceful  Valley,"  "Grandview,"  and  "Walcott."  The  farm  group  includes 
modern  dairy  barns  with  accommodations  for  120  head. 

Capacity  of  institution 1,835 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 1,145 

Acreage   under  cultivation 510 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $1,585,731.00 

Value  of  personal  property •, $295,701.01 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 325 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.    Males,  869;  females,  868;  total.  1,737 

Inmates  on  parole 17 

SCHOOL  FOR  THE  BLIND,  FARIBAULT 

This  institution  consists  of  a  main  building  with  wings,  two  cottages  for 
boys,  hospital,  broom  shop,  and  superintendent's  cottage. 

Capacity  of  institution 112 

Area  of  grounds,   acres 50 

Acreage  under  cultivation 17 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $239,400.00 

Value  of  personal  property $38,328.75 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 58 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Boys,  57;   girls,  37;   total 94 

SCHOOL    FOR   THE    DEAF,    FARIBAULT 

The  principal  buildings  at  this  institution  are  "Tate  Hall,"  "Barron 
Hall,"  "Mott  Hall,"  "Noyes  Hall"  consisting  of  an  auditorium  and  school 
building  and  library,  bakeiy,  hospital,  trades  building,  power  house,  and  the 
farm  group. 

Capacity  of  institution 322 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 96 

16 


Leased,    acres 8 

Acreage  under   cultivation    29 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $581,047.00 

Value  of  personal  property $85,340.28 

Numter  of  officers  and  employes 87 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.        Boys,  146;  girls,  115;  total 261 

STATE    PUBLIC    SCHOOL,    OWATONNA 

The  main  building  consists  of  a  central  section,  with  north  and  south 
wings  and  enlarged  dining  rooms.  There  are  eight  cottages,  including  a 
cottage  for  industrial  students,  hospital,  nursery  for  babies  and  younger 
children,  schoolhouse,  superintendent's  residence,  laundry,  power  house, 
cottages  for  employes,  greenhouse  and  sundry  farm  buildings.  A  fine  assem- 
bly hall  and  gymnasium  is  an  important  and  valuable  addition  to  this  insti- 
tution. 

Capacity  of  institution 282 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 325 

Acreage   under   cultivation 138 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $450,327.80 

Value  of  personal  property $83,166.05 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 94 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Boys,  200;   girls,  120;   total 320 

Children  in  homes  or  under  supervision 1,268 

STATE  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS,  RED  WING 

The  principal  buildings  consist  of  an  administration  building,  five  cot- 
tages for  boys,  schoolhouse,  auditorium  and  gymnasium,  shop  building, 
hospital,  cottages  for  the  superintendent  and  the  steward,  power  house,  and 
the  farm  group. 

Capacity  of  institution 300 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 560 

Acreage  under  cultivation 216 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $518,902.25 

Value    of   personal    property $107,757.08 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 72 

Population   Feb.    1,    1921 342 

Boys  on  parole 476 

HOME  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  SAUK  CENTRE 

The  buildings  at  this  institution  include  an  administration  building, 
receiving  cottage  and  hospital,  16  cottages  for  girls,  chapel  and  adequate 
farm  buildings  to  house  the  large  dairy  herd.  A  modern  school  building 
and  two  cottages  for  girls  are  being  constructed. 

Capacity  of  institution .    295 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 447 

Leased,  acres  520 

Acreage  under  cultivation , 305 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $484,811.92 

Value  of  personal  property $62,137.88 

17 


Number  of  officers  and  employes 8S 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921 344 

Girls  on  parole 331 

STATE   REFORMATORY,  ST.  CLOUD 

This  institution  consists  of  an  administration  building  containing  offices 
and  a  chapel,  five  cell  houses  for  inmates,  hospital  and  contagious  ward, 
central  power  plant,  superintendent's  residence,  and  additions  including 
kitchens,  bakery,  dining  rooms,  tailor  shop,  and  storeroom.  The  principal 
buildings  are  constructed  of  granite  quarried  on  the  institution  grounds  by 
inmates.    The  grounds  are  enclosed  by  a  wall  of  granite. 

Capacity  of  institution 554 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 1,057 

Leased,  acres  400 

Acreage  under   cultivation 424 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $1,346,290.50 

Value  of  personal  property. $190,930.05 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 68 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921 511 

Inmates  on  parole <J4 

STATE    REFORMATORY    FOR   WOMEN,   SHAKOPEE 

This  institution,  created  by  the  legislature  in  1915,  is  located  at 
Shakopee  on  a  beautiful  site  overlooking  the  Minnesota  river.  The  build- 
ings are  an  administration  building  and  reception  hospital  which  includes 
offices,  hospital  and  medical  section,  industrial  workrooms,  kitchen,  dining 
rooms  for  officers  and  inmates,  officers'  bedrooms,  and  20  rooms  for  inmates, 
a  cottage  for  inmates,  and  cottages  for  the  farmer  and  the  engineer. 

Capacity  of  institution 39 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 167 

Acreage  under  cultivation 145 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $176,147.89 

Value  of  personal  property $15,601.45 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 12 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921 27 

STATE   PRISON,  STILLWATER 

The  Minnesota  State  Prison  is  built  on  the  most  approved  lines  of 
prison  architecture  and  is  considered  the  best  and  most  modern  prison  In 
the  United  States  if  not  in  the  world. 

The  buildings  consist  of  an  administration  building  and  connecting 
corridors  containing  offices  of  the  warden  and  assistants,  an  office  for  use 
of  the  boards  of  control  and  parole,  reception  room,  barber  shop,  telephone 
exchange,  rooms  for  officers  and  guests,  officers'  kitchen  and  dining  rooms, 
schoolrooms  and  lecture  halls,  library,  printing  office  where  the  "Mirror," 
the  newspaper  published  by  the  inmates,  is  printed,  and  space  for  the 
Bertillon  and  finger-print  systems  used  in  the  identification  of  criminals;  two 
large  cell  houses,  each  containing  512  cells;  a  modern  prison  hospital; 
chapel;  central  power  plant;  greenhouse;  and  residences  for  the  warden  and 

18 


other  officers.    Space  is  provided  for  two  subsidiary  cell  houses  which,  when 
built,  will  provide  accommodations  for  a  total  of  1,384  inmates. 

The  industrial  group  includes  the  twine  factory,  a  three-story  and  base- 
ment building,  360  feet  in  length;  a  warehouse,  3o0  feet  long  for  the  storage 
of  raw  material  and  manufactured  twine;  a  main  factory  building  of  the 
same  size  for  the  farm  machinery  plant,  containing  machine  shop,  wood- 
working and  assembling  departments;  foundry,  180  feet  by  100  feet,  black- 
smith shop;  steel  storage  house;  and  two  large  warehouses  for  storage  of 
manufactured  machines. 

Capacity  of  institution 1,064 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 1,000 

Acreage  under  cultivation 373 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $2,781,035.47 

Value  of  personal  property $3,438,555.11 

Number  of  officers  and  employes 273 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921 788 

Inmates   on   parole 81 

SANATORIUM    FOR  CONSUMPTIVES,   STATE    SANATORIUM 

The  principal  buildings  consist  of  the  main  or  administration  building, 
service  building  including  kitchen,  bakery,  dining  rooms  and  quarters  for 
employes,  recreation  building,  numerous  cottages  for  patients,  staff  house, 
superintendent's  cottage,  power  house,  and  sundry  farm  buildings.  An 
appropriation  has  been  provided  for  an  infirmary  or  reception  hospital  for 
the  proper  classification  of  patients  on  their  first  admission,  and  this  build- 
ing will  be  erected  in  the  near  future. 

Capacity  of  institution 290 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 661 

Acreage  under  cultivation 60 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $380,080.68 

Value  of  personal  property $90,635.01 

Number  of  ofl[icers  and  employes 104 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.    Males,  140;  females,  86;  total...  226 

HOSPITAL  FOR  CRIPPLED  CHILDREN,  ST.  PAUL 

This  institution  is  located  on  a  beautiful  tract  of  land  in  the  suburbs  of 
St.  Paul,  adjoining  Phalen  Park.  The  buildings  are  the  main  building  with 
large  additions  and  the  power  plant  and  laundry. 

Capacity  of  institution 200 

Area  of  grounds,  acres 23 

Acreage  under  cultivation 10 

Value  of  lands  and  buildings $232,299.55 

Value  of  personal  property $24,262.13 

Number  of  physicians  and  surgeons  (services  gratuitous)  35 

Number  of  oflicers  and  employes 67 

Population  Feb.  1,  1921.     Boys,  92;   girls,  94;   total 186 


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